Ubwino Wochepetsa Mavuto a IAQ

Zotsatira za Thanzi

Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi IAQ yoipa zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa choipitsa. Zitha kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena monga ziwengo, kupsinjika maganizo, chimfine, ndi fuluwenza. Chidziwitso chachizolowezi ndichakuti anthu amadwala ali mkati mwa nyumbayo, ndipo zizindikirozo zimatha atangotuluka mnyumbamo, kapena akakhala kutali ndi nyumbayo kwa nthawi ndithu (monga kumapeto kwa sabata kapena tchuthi). Kafukufuku wa zaumoyo kapena zizindikiro, monga womwe uli mu Appendix D, wagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza kudziwa kuti pali mavuto a IAQ. Kulephera kwa eni nyumba ndi ogwira ntchito kuyankha mwachangu komanso moyenera ku mavuto a IAQ kungayambitse zotsatira zambiri zoyipa paumoyo. Zotsatira za thanzi kuchokera ku zonyansa za mpweya wamkati zitha kuchitika atangolowa m'nyumbamo kapena, mwina, patapita zaka zambiri (8, 9, 10). Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo kukwiya kwa maso, mphuno, ndi pakhosi; mutu; chizungulire; ziphuphu; ndi kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kutopa (11, 12, 13, 14). Matenda okhudzana ndi IAQ yoipa ndi monga mphumu ndi hypersensitivity pneumonitis (11, 13). Zinthu zoipitsa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi nthawi yomwe mpweya umalowa m'thupi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa zotsatira za thanzi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha IAQ yoipa. Ukalamba ndi matenda omwe alipo kale monga mphumu ndi ziwengo zingakhudzenso kuopsa kwa zotsatira zake. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha mpweya woipa m'nyumba zitha kuphatikizapo matenda opuma, matenda a mtima, ndi khansa, zomwe zonsezi zimatha kufooketsa kwambiri kapena kupha (8, 11, 13).

 

Kafukufuku wagwirizanitsa chinyezi m'nyumba ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa thanzi. Mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya ndi bowa, makamaka bowa wopangidwa ndi filamentous (mold), imatha kuwononga kwambiri mpweya wa m'nyumba (4, 15-20). Nthawi iliyonse chinyezi chokwanira chikapezeka m'malo ogwirira ntchito, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timatha kukula ndikukhudza thanzi la ogwira ntchito m'njira zingapo. Ogwira ntchito amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro za kupuma, ziwengo, kapena mphumu (8). Mphumu, chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, kutsekeka kwa sinus, kuyetsemula, kutsekeka kwa mphuno, ndi sinusitis zonse zakhala zikugwirizana ndi chinyezi m'nyumba m'maphunziro ambiri (21-23). ​​Mphumu imayamba chifukwa cha chinyezi m'nyumba komanso imakula chifukwa cha chinyezi. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi ndikupeza magwero a chinyezi chokhazikika kuntchito ndikuchichotsa. Zambiri zokhuza kupewa mavuto okhudzana ndi nkhungu zitha kupezeka mu buku la OSHA lotchedwa: "Kupewa Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Nkhungu M'malo Ogwirira Ntchito M'nyumba" (17). Zinthu zina zachilengedwe monga kuwala koipa, kupsinjika maganizo, phokoso, ndi kusasangalala ndi kutentha zingayambitse kapena kupangitsa kuti izi zichitike (8).

Kuchokera ku "Ubwino wa Mpweya Wamkati mu Nyumba Zamalonda ndi Zabungwe," Epulo 2011, Occupational Safety and Health Administration US Department of Labor