Ubwino Wochepetsa Mavuto a IAQ

Zotsatira Zaumoyo

Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi IAQ yosauka zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zoipitsa.Akhoza kulakwitsa mosavuta ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena monga ziwengo, nkhawa, chimfine, ndi chimfine.Chidziwitso chodziwika bwino ndi chakuti anthu amadwala ali mkati mwa nyumbayo, ndipo zizindikiro zimachoka atangochoka mnyumbamo, kapena akakhala kutali ndi nyumbayo kwa nthawi (monga kumapeto kwa sabata kapena tchuthi).Kafukufuku wa zaumoyo kapena zizindikiro, monga zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera D, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kukhalapo kwa mavuto a IAQ.Kulephera kwa eni nyumba ndi ogwira ntchito kuyankha mwachangu komanso moyenera kumavuto a IAQ kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri zaumoyo.Zotsatira zathanzi kuchokera ku zoipitsa mpweya m'nyumba zitha kuwoneka posachedwa kapena, mwina, patapita zaka (8, 9, 10).Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo kukwiya kwa maso, mphuno, ndi mmero;mutu;chizungulire;zidzolo;ndi kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kutopa (11, 12, 13, 14).Matenda okhudzana ndi IAQ yosauka akuphatikizapo mphumu ndi hypersensitivity pneumonitis (11, 13).Zowonongeka zenizeni, kuchuluka kwa kuwonekera, komanso kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi yowonekera ndizofunika kwambiri pamtundu ndi kuopsa kwa zotsatira za thanzi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha IAQ yosauka.Zaka komanso matenda omwe alipo kale monga mphumu ndi ziwengo zingakhudzenso kuopsa kwa zotsatira zake.Zotsatira zanthawi yayitali chifukwa choipitsa mpweya m'nyumba zingaphatikizepo matenda opuma, matenda amtima, ndi khansa, zonse zomwe zimatha kufooketsa kapena kupha (8, 11, 13).

 

Kafukufuku wagwirizanitsa chinyontho cha zomangamanga ndi zotsatira zazikulu za thanzi.Mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya ndi mafangasi, makamaka mafangasi (nkhungu), imatha kuthandizira kwambiri kuwononga mpweya wamkati (4, 15-20).Nthawi zonse pakakhala chinyezi chokwanira m'malo antchito, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timakula ndi kukhudza thanzi la ogwira ntchito m'njira zingapo.Ogwira ntchito amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro za kupuma, ziwengo, kapena mphumu (8).Chifuwa, chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, kutsekeka kwa m'mphuno, kuyetsemula, kupindika m'mphuno, ndi sinusitis zonse zakhala zikugwirizana ndi chinyontho chamkati m'maphunziro angapo (21-23).Matenda a mphumu amayamba chifukwa cha chinyezi m'nyumba.Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za thanzi ndikuzindikira magwero a chinyontho chokhazikika pantchito ndikuzichotsa.Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kupewa zovuta zokhudzana ndi nkhungu zitha kupezeka m'buku la OSHA lotchedwa: "Kupewa Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Nkhungu M'malo Ogwira Ntchito M'nyumba" (17).Zinthu zina zachilengedwe monga kusawunikira bwino, kupsinjika, phokoso, komanso kusapeza bwino kwamafuta kumatha kuyambitsa kapena kupangitsa kuti pakhale thanzi (8).

Kuchokera ku "Indoor Air Quality in Commercial and Institutional Buildings," April 2011, Occupational Safety and Health Administration US Department of Labor