Pamene chidziwitso cha anthu pa zaumoyo ndi chilengedwe chikukwera, mpweya wabwino m'nyumba m'malo ochitira malonda wakhala nkhani yaikulu kwa anthu. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya m'nyumba kumachititsa kuti anthu 4.3 miliyoni amwalire chaka chilichonse. Malo opezeka anthu ambiri—maofesi, malo ogulitsira zinthu, zipatala, masukulu—nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa komanso anthu ambiri amakhalamo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi mpweya woipa m'nyumba. Mpweya wabwino umakhudza mwachindunji moyo wabwino ndi zokolola za aliyense wogwira ntchito, wogula zinthu, kapena wophunzira m'malo amenewa. Kuti tisunge miyezo yotetezeka ndikulimbitsa kulimba mtima kwa thanzi la anthu, kukhazikitsazowunikira mpweya wabwinowakhala njira yofunika kwambiri m'nyumba zamakono zamalonda.
Kuipitsidwa kwa Mpweya Wamkati: Kuchokera ku Chiwopsezo cha Thanzi mpaka Kuwononga Anthu
Kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya m'nyumba kumachitika pamene zinthu zodetsa zovulaza zikusonkhana m'malo otsekedwa. Zinthu zodetsa zimenezi zimachokera ku utsi wa fodya, zipangizo zomangira zomwe sizimatulutsa mpweya, ma VOC ochokera ku zinthu zoyeretsera, nkhungu, ndi CO2 yochuluka kuchokera ku zochita za anthu. Malo amalonda, okhala ndi machitidwe awo ovuta a HVAC komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, zimawonjezera mavutowa.
Kudwala nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa matenda opuma (mphumu, chifuwa), ziwengo, mutu, kukwiya kwa maso, komanso—zoopsa kwambiri—zoopsa za nthawi yayitali monga matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha. Mwachitsanzo, malo ogulitsira ambiri ku Beijing anaimitsa ntchito mu 2022 pambuyo poti mpweya wambiri wa formaldehyde unayambitsa chizungulire ndi nseru pakati pa antchito, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri asamapeze ndalama zambiri.
Zimene Oyang'anira Ubwino wa Mpweya Amachita
Oyang'anira mpweya wabwino amasonkhanitsa deta yeniyeni ya chilengedwe ndikuimasulira kukhala chidziwitso chogwira ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito masensa ophatikizidwa, amayesa kutentha, chinyezi, CO2, VOC, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono (PM2.5, PM10). Mwa kusanthula ziwerengerozi, dongosololi limapereka chithunzithunzi chathunthu cha momwe mpweya ulili mkati.
Pamene zinthu zodetsa mpweya zikupitirira malire, oyang'anira amatha kuyambitsa makina oyeretsera mpweya kapena kudziwitsa oyang'anira malo kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mpweya wabwino. Njira imeneyi yochokera ku deta imawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu zowongolera chilengedwe.
Kusintha Kuchokera ku Kuyankha Mopanda Kuyankha Kupita ku Kupewa Mwachangu
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito zowunikira mpweya wabwino ndi kuwonjezera chidziwitso cha anthu. Zowonetsera zenizeni—mapulogalamu am'manja, zowonetsera za lobby, ma dashboard—zimapangitsa mpweya kukhala wowonekera bwino komanso zimalimbikitsa kupanga zisankho mwachangu.
Nyumba ya maofesi ku Shenzhen inawona kukhutira kwa antchito ndi mpweya wabwino ndi 30% ndipo chiŵerengero cha odwala chatsika ndi 20% atakhazikitsa kuyang'anira kowoneka bwino. Kuwonekera bwino kumalimbitsa chidaliro ndipo kumalimbikitsa zochita zofulumira kukonza.
Kuzindikira Magwero a Kuipitsa kwa Njira Yoyenera Yothandizira
Zipangizo zowunikira mpweya zimathandiza kuzindikira mtundu ndi komwe kumachokera zinthu zoipitsa mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa PM2.5 kungasonyeze mpweya woipa wa VOC wochokera ku zinthu zokonzanso, pomwe kuchuluka kwa CO2 kumasonyeza kuti mpweya woipa sukwanira.
Chipatala cha ku Shanghai chinapeza kudzera mu kuyang'anira kuti kuchuluka kwa VOC m'zipinda zake zochitira opaleshoni kunali chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kusintha njira zoyeretsera ndikusintha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsika VOC kunathandiza kwambiri kuti zinthu zisinthe.
Kuthandizira Kukonzekera Zachilengedwe kwa Nthawi Yaitali
Kupatula machenjezo a nthawi yeniyeni, zowunikira mpweya wabwino zimapereka deta yakale ya nthawi yayitali. Ma data awa amalola oyang'anira kusanthula zomwe zikuchitika nyengo, kuzindikira mavuto obwerezabwereza, ndikupanga njira zowongolera zaka zambiri.
Sukulu ina ku Guangzhou inagwiritsa ntchito zaka zitatu zowunikira deta kuti izindikire nthawi ya masika ndi autumn ngati nthawi yoipitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wabwino komanso malo obiriwira asinthe zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kulimbitsa Chidaliro cha Makasitomala ndi Ogwira Ntchito
Ubwino wa mpweya umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akumana nazo komanso momwe mtundu wa kampani umaonera. Malo ogulitsira akamawonetsa poyera miyezo ya ubwino wa mpweya, amasonyeza kudzipereka ku thanzi ndi chitetezo—kulimbikitsa kudalirana ndikuwonjezera nthawi yomwe makasitomala amakhala.
Malo ogulitsira zinthu ku Hangzhou anena kuti makasitomala awo awonjezeka ndi 25% ndipo nthawi yomwe amakhala nthawi yayitali yawonjezeka ndi 15% atayambitsa kuyang'anira bwino mpweya wabwino.
Kugwira Ntchito Ngati Dongosolo Lochenjeza Anthu Asanachitepo Kanthu
Zowunikira mpweya wabwino zimagwiranso ntchito ngati ma alarm nthawi yeniyeni. Kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa zinthu zoipitsa mpweya—komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala oyeretsera, kulephera kwa HVAC, kapena zochitika zosayembekezereka—kungathe kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo ndikuthandizidwa.
Hotelo ya ku Chengdu idapewa madandaulo akuluakulu a alendo pambuyo poti njira yowunikira idachenjeza ogwira ntchito za vuto la mpweya wabwino lomwe lidayambitsa vuto la CO2.milingo, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza mwachangu.
Kuthandiza Kumanga Nyumba Zobiriwira ndi Chitukuko Chokhazikika
Popeza kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe kukukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, kasamalidwe ka mpweya wabwino nthawi yeniyeni kakugwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse yosamalira zachilengedwe. Mwa kuchepetsa kuwononga mphamvu ndikuletsa kuipitsa m'nyumba, kuyang'anira mwanzeru kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu komanso kukhala ndi chilengedwe chathanzi m'nyumba.
A Beijingpulojekiti yomanga nyumba zobiriwiraadagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa mpweya kuti akonze bwino ntchito za HVAC, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchepe ndi 15% pamene akusunga mpweya wabwino kwambiri m'nyumba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-26-2025