Mawu Oyamba

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) amatulutsidwa ngati mpweya wochokera ku zinthu zina zolimba kapena zamadzimadzi. Ma VOC amaphatikiza mankhwala osiyanasiyana, ena omwe amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zazifupi komanso zazitali. Ma VOC ambiri amakhala okwera nthawi zonse m'nyumba (mpaka kuwirikiza kakhumi) kuposa kunja. Ma VOC amapangidwa ndi zinthu zambirimbiri zomwe zili mu zikwi.

Mankhwala a organic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zopangira m'nyumba. Utoto, ma vanishi ndi sera zonse zili ndi zosungunulira za organic, monganso zinthu zambiri zotsukira, zothira tizilombo, zodzikongoletsera, zochotsera mafuta komanso zokometsera. Mafuta amapangidwa ndi organic chemicals. Zonsezi zimatha kutulutsa mankhwala opangidwa ndi organic mukamawagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo, kumlingo wina, akasungidwa.

Ofesi ya Kafukufuku ndi Chitukuko ya EPA ya “Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study” (Voliyumu I mpaka IV, yomalizidwa mu 1985) idapeza milingo pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri ya zoipitsa wamba kukhala yokwera 2 mpaka 5 mkati mwanyumba kuposa kunja, mosasamala kanthu kuti nyumbazo zinali m'madera akumidzi kapena m'madera olemera kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa TEAM anasonyeza kuti pamene anthu akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, amatha kudziika okha ndi ena kumalo oipitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo kukwera kwapamwamba kumatha kupitilira mumlengalenga ntchitoyo ikatha.

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Magwero a VOCs

Zogulitsa zapakhomo, kuphatikiza:

• utoto, zochotsera utoto ndi zosungunulira zina
• zosungira matabwa
• zopopera aerosol
• oyeretsa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo
• zothamangitsa njenjete ndi zotsitsimutsa mpweya
• mafuta osungidwa ndi zinthu zamagalimoto
• hobby zopangira
• zovala zotsuka
• mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Zogulitsa zina, kuphatikiza:

• zipangizo zomangira ndi zipangizo
• zida zamaofesi monga makope ndi osindikiza, madzi owongolera ndi mapepala opanda mpweya
• zojambula ndi zida zaluso kuphatikiza zomatira ndi zomatira, zolembera zokhazikika ndi mayankho azithunzi.

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Zotsatira Zaumoyo

Zotsatira zaumoyo zingaphatikizepo:

• Maso, mphuno ndi mmero
• Mutu, kutayika kwa mgwirizano ndi nseru
• Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, impso ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo
• Zamoyo zina zimatha kuyambitsa khansa mwa nyama, zina zimaganiziridwa kapena zimadziwika kuti zimayambitsa khansa mwa anthu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu kapena zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kukhudzana ndi VOCs ndi monga:

• kuyabwa kwa conjunctival
• mphuno ndi mmero kusapeza
• mutu
• Matupi khungu zimachitikira
• dyspnea
• kuchepa kwa serum cholinesterase
• nseru
• kupuma
• epistaxis
• kutopa
• chizungulire

Kuthekera kwa mankhwala achilengedwe oyambitsa thanzi kumasiyana kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi poizoni kwambiri, kwa omwe alibe thanzi labwino.

Mofanana ndi zowononga zina, kukula kwake ndi momwe thanzi limakhudzira zimatengera zinthu zambiri kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kuwonekera ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yowonekera. Zina mwa zizindikiro zomwe anthu ena adakumana nazo atangoyamba kumene kuzinthu zina zakuthupi ndi izi:

• Maso ndi kupuma thirakiti kuyabwa
• mutu
• chizungulire
• kusokonezeka kwa maso ndi kukumbukira

Pakalipano, palibe zambiri zomwe zimadziwika ponena za zotsatira za thanzi zomwe zimachitika kuchokera kumagulu a organic omwe amapezeka m'nyumba.

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Miyezo M'nyumba

Kafukufuku wapeza kuti ma organic angapo amakhala okwera 2 mpaka 5 m'nyumba kuposa kunja. Pakatha komanso kwa maola angapo mutangotha ​​ntchito zina, monga kuvula utoto, milingo imatha kuwirikiza ka 1,000 kuchokera panja.

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Njira Zochepetsera Kuwonekera

• Wonjezerani mpweya wabwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimatulutsa ma VOC.
• Kumanani kapena kupitilira njira zilizonse zodzitetezera.
• Osasunga zotengera zotsegulidwa za utoto wosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zofananira m'sukulu.
• Formaldehyde, imodzi mwa VOCs yodziwika bwino, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zowononga mpweya wamkati zomwe zimatha kuyezedwa mosavuta.
  • Dziwani, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, chotsani gwero.
  • Ngati kuli kotheka kuchotsa, chepetsani kuwonetseredwa pogwiritsa ntchito chosindikizira pamalo onse owonekera a mapanelo ndi zida zina.
• Gwiritsani ntchito njira zophatikizira zothana ndi tizirombo kuti muchepetse kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zapakhomo molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga.
• Onetsetsani kuti mumapereka mpweya wabwino wambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
• Tayani zotengera zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono mosamala; gulani kuchuluka komwe mudzagwiritse ntchito posachedwa.
• Sungani kutali ndi ana ndi ziweto.
• Osasakaniza zinthu zosamalira pakhomo pokhapokha zitalembedwa.

Tsatirani malangizo a zilembo mosamala.

Zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi machenjezo ochepetsa kuwonetseredwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati lebulo ikunena kuti mugwiritse ntchito pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino, pitani panja kapena m'malo okhala ndi fani yotulutsa mpweya kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Kupanda kutero, tsegulani mazenera kuti mupereke kuchuluka kwa mpweya wakunja womwe ungatheke.

Tayani zotengera zodzaza pang'ono za mankhwala akale kapena osafunikira mosamala.

Chifukwa mipweya imatha kuchucha ngakhale m'miyendo yotsekedwa, sitepe imodziyi ingathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala achilengedwe mnyumba mwanu. (Onetsetsani kuti zinthu zimene mwasankha kuzisunga sizikusungidwa pamalo opuma mpweya wokwanira komanso kuti n’zotetezeka kuti ana asafike.) Musamangoponya zinthu zosafunikira zimenezi m’chidebe cha zinyalala. Dziwani ngati boma lanu kapena bungwe lililonse mdera lanu likuthandizira masiku apadera otolera zinyalala zapoizoni zapakhomo. Ngati masiku oterowo alipo, agwiritseni ntchito kutaya zotengera zosafunikirazo bwinobwino. Ngati palibe masiku otolera oterowo, ganizirani zokonzekera.

Gulani zochepa.

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu nthawi ndi nthawi kapena nyengo, monga penti, zochotsera utoto ndi palafini popangira zotenthetsera m'mlengalenga kapena mafuta otchetcha udzu, gulani zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

Pewani kukhudzana ndi mpweya wochokera kuzinthu zomwe zili ndi methylene chloride kuti muchepetse.

Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi methylene chloride zimaphatikizapo zochotsera utoto, zochotsa zomatira ndi utoto wopopera wa aerosol. Methylene chloride amadziwika kuti amayambitsa khansa mu nyama. Komanso, methylene chloride imasandulika kukhala carbon monoxide m'thupi ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kukhudzana ndi carbon monoxide. Werengani mosamala zolembedwa zomwe zili ndi chidziwitso chowopsa paumoyo ndi machenjezo okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mankhwalawa. Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi methylene chloride panja ngati nkotheka; gwiritsani ntchito m'nyumba pokhapokha ngati malowo ali ndi mpweya wabwino.

Pewani kukhudzana ndi benzene pang'ono.

Benzene ndi carcinogen yodziwika bwino ya munthu. Magwero akuluakulu a m'nyumba a mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• chilengedwe utsi wa fodya
• mafuta osungidwa
• zinthu za penti
• utsi wamagalimoto m'magaraja ophatikizidwa

Zochita zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonekera kwa benzene ndi izi:

• kuthetsa kusuta m'nyumba
• kupereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri panthawi yojambula
• kutaya zopangira utoto ndi mafuta apadera omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Pewani kukhudzana ndi mpweya wa perchlorethylene kuchokera ku zipangizo zatsopano zotsukidwa kumene.

Perchlorethylene ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa. M'maphunziro a labotale, zawonetsedwa kuti zimayambitsa khansa mu nyama. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti anthu amapuma mpweya wochepa wa mankhwala amenewa m’nyumba zimene amasungiramo zinthu zotsukidwa bwino komanso akavala zovala zotsuka. Otsuka owuma amatenganso perchlorethylene panthawi yoyeretsa kuti athe kusunga ndalama poigwiritsanso ntchito, ndipo amachotsa mankhwala ambiri panthawi ya kukanikiza ndi kumaliza. Zowuma zina, komabe, sizimachotsa perchlorethylene yochuluka momwe zingathere nthawi zonse.

Kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kukhudzana ndi mankhwalawa ndikwanzeru.

• Ngati katundu wotsukidwa ndi dryness ali ndi fungo lamphamvu la mankhwala mukamatola, musavomereze mpaka ataumitsa bwino.
• Ngati katundu amene ali ndi fungo la mankhwala abwezedwa kwa inu paulendo wotsatira, yesani dryer ina.

 

Kuchokera ku https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality