Chidule
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya wakunja kungakhudze thanzi lawo, koma kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya wamkati kungakhalenso ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu komanso zovulaza pa thanzi lawo. Kafukufuku wa EPA wokhudza momwe anthu amakhudzidwira ndi zinthu zoipitsa mpweya akusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipitsa mpweya m'nyumba kungakhale kokwera kawiri kapena kasanu - ndipo nthawi zina kupitirira nthawi 100 - kuposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipitsa mpweya m'nyumba.1 Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipitsa mpweya m'nyumba n'kofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa anthu ambiri amakhala pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya nthawi yawo m'nyumba. Pachifukwa cha malangizo awa, tanthauzo la kasamalidwe ka mpweya wabwino m'nyumba (IAQ) limaphatikizapo:
- Kulamulira kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya;
- Kuyambitsa ndi kugawa mpweya wokwanira wakunja; ndi
- Kusunga kutentha kovomerezeka ndi chinyezi chocheperako
Kutentha ndi chinyezi sizinganyalanyazidwe, chifukwa nkhawa za kutentha ndi zomwe zimayambitsa madandaulo ambiri okhudza "mpweya woipa." Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi zina mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa zodetsa m'nyumba.
Magwero akunja ayeneranso kuganiziridwa popeza mpweya wakunja umalowa m'nyumba za sukulu kudzera m'mawindo, zitseko ndi makina opumira mpweya. Motero, ntchito zoyendera ndi kukonza malo zimakhala zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipitsa m'nyumba komanso mpweya wakunja m'mabwalo a sukulu.
Chifukwa chiyani IAQ ndi Yofunika?
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kafukufuku woyerekeza zoopsa zomwe bungwe la EPA's Science Advisory Board (SAB) linachita wakhala akuika kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya m'nyumba pakati pa zoopsa zisanu zazikulu zachilengedwe ku thanzi la anthu. IAQ yabwino ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa malo abwino a m'nyumba, ndipo ingathandize masukulu kukwaniritsa cholinga chawo chachikulu chophunzitsa ana.
Kulephera kupewa kapena kuyankha mwachangu mavuto a IAQ kungawonjezere zotsatira zathanzi kwa ophunzira ndi antchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yochepa, monga:
- Kutsokomola;
- Kukwiya kwa maso;
- Mutu;
- Matenda a ziwengo;
- Kuchulukitsa mphumu ndi/kapena matenda ena opumira; ndi
- Nthawi zina, zimayambitsa matenda oopsa monga matenda a Legionnaire kapena poizoni wa carbon monoxide.
Pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa ana 13 a msinkhu wopita kusukulu ali ndi mphumu, yomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kusapita kusukulu chifukwa cha matenda osatha. Pali umboni wokwanira woti kukhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu m'nyumba (monga fumbi, tizilombo toononga, ndi nkhungu) kumayambitsa zizindikiro za mphumu. Zinthu zimenezi zimapezeka kwambiri m'masukulu. Palinso umboni woti kukhudzana ndi utsi wa dizilo wochokera m'mabasi a sukulu ndi magalimoto ena kumawonjezera mphumu ndi ziwengo. Mavutowa akhoza:
- Kukhudza kupezeka kwa ophunzira, chitonthozo, ndi magwiridwe antchito;
- Kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a aphunzitsi ndi antchito;
- Kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndikuchepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chomera ndi zida za sukulu;
- Kuonjezera kuthekera kwa kutseka masukulu kapena kusamutsa anthu okhala m'nyumba;
- Ubale wosakhazikika pakati pa oyang'anira sukulu, makolo ndi antchito;
- Pangani kutchuka koipa;
- Kukhutiritsa chipembedzo cha anthu ammudzi; ndi
- Pangani mavuto a udindo.
Mavuto a mpweya wa m'nyumba amatha kukhala osawoneka bwino ndipo nthawi zina samabweretsa zotsatira zodziwika bwino pa thanzi, thanzi, kapena chomera. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga mutu, kutopa, kupuma movutikira, kutsekeka kwa sinus, kukhosomola, kuyetsemula, chizungulire, nseru, ndi kukwiya kwa diso, mphuno, pakhosi, ndi khungu. Zizindikiro sizingakhale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino, komanso zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zina, monga kuwala koipa, kupsinjika maganizo, phokoso ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kukhudzidwa pakati pa ophunzira kusukulu, mavuto a IAQ angakhudze gulu la anthu kapena munthu m'modzi yekha ndipo angakhudze munthu aliyense m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Anthu omwe angatengeke mosavuta ndi zinthu zodetsa mpweya m'nyumba ndi awa, koma osati okhawo, anthu omwe ali ndi:
- Mphumu, ziwengo, kapena kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala;
- Matenda a kupuma;
- Chitetezo cha mthupi chafooka (chifukwa cha radiation, chemotherapy, kapena matenda); ndi
- Magalasi olumikizana.
Magulu ena a anthu angakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokumana ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa mpweya kapena zinthu zoipitsa mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima angakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi mpweya wa carbon monoxide kuposa anthu athanzi. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha nayitrogeni dioxide nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opatsirana m'mapapo.
Kuphatikiza apo, matupi a ana omwe akukula akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka ndi chilengedwe kuposa a akuluakulu. Ana amapuma mpweya wambiri, amadya chakudya chochuluka komanso amamwa madzi ambiri molingana ndi kulemera kwa thupi lawo kuposa akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake, mpweya wabwino m'masukulu ndi wofunika kwambiri. Kusamalira bwino mpweya wamkati si nkhani ya "ubwino" chabe; kumaphatikizapo chitetezo ndi kuyang'anira ndalama zomwe mumayika mu ophunzira, antchito ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onaniMpweya Wamkati.
Zolemba
1. Wallace, Lance A., ndi ena. Kafukufuku wa Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM): Kukumana ndi munthu payekha, ubale wamkati ndi kunja, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa zinthu zachilengedwe zosasunthika ku New Jersey.Malo Ozungulira. Int.1986,12, 369-387.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412086900516
Kuchokera ku https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-15-2022